According to expert estimates, in Russia's mortgage scheme is acquired only 1,5-2% of housing. According to the Association of Russian Banks, mortgages in Russia in one form or another involved in about 200 banks. At the beginning of 2005, according to the Bank of Russia, the volume of outstanding mortgage loans classic in Russia amounted to about 18 billion rubles. Loan volumes have grown for 2 nd half of 2004 nearly tripled. During the first half of 2005, only banks participating renkinga gave them 30 billion rubles. It is estimated that Russian Mortgage Bank, the accumulated potential of this market is not less than 20 billion dollars, and some experts called the figure «around 50-100 billion dollars».
unequivocal market leader is «Sberbank», it accounts for at least 60% of the total issued mortgages - 21.7 billion rubles. In second place «Vneshtorgbank» - 1,8 billion rubles., And closes the top three-billionaires «Raiffeisenbank» - 1,1 billion rubles. Three of the leaders might well look different, but «Gazprombank» did not provide data, and thus is not present in renkinge. It also refused to provide the data bank «DeltaCredit» - its ratio was calculated based on data for 2004.
In the last year in the market as a whole an increase in the number of participants, the decline in interest rates, expanding the range of mortgage programs. In addition, the state bank began to work with clients who are recipients of «gray» salary. Vice-President of the European Trust Bank Sergey Gandzyuk also notes that the legislative changes will simplify the process of mortgage transactions and reduce the effective interest rate on mortgages - the mandatory notarial certification contract of sale, registration revoked permission of the child.
The fact that banks have come to see «gray» wages significantly increase the number of potential borrowers. So borrowers can provide help on a form approved by the bank, and signed by director and chief accountant of the company. In the «Bank FORA» possible to provide a certificate from the company's management in any form, may also be verbal confirmation of income management. In the Russian Mortgage Bank when considering credit applications take into account all types of income customer, and customer demand as a specialist in the labor market.
According to the head of the department of business development and sales of City Mortgage Bank Igor Zhigunova, the bulk of the housing loan is aimed at the secondary housing market, where there is ownership of the object. This is related to lower risk compared with the financing of the construction of housing and the cost of long-term resources. Thus, in «FORA-Bank» for new accounts for about 15%, while in the bank «Agropromkredit» - 7%. There are banks, which accounted for the bulk of new buildings, such as the European Trust Bank (77%).
At Country real estate as a whole accounts for no more than 2% of the portfolio. «Credit suburban real estate is not yet sufficiently widespread as a product on the market as a whole and in our bank, even though the product range of« Vneshtorgbank »are mortgage products to purchase and complete the construction of country houses», - said Head of Marketing and development credit products «Vneshtorgbank» Maria Serova. The lack of a truly mass market product of its kind associated with a significantly lower demand for this loan product in relation to other products, as well as objective technical difficulty processing this type of transaction.
Despite the fact that the number of potential borrowers has increased several times, developed by the banks of the evaluation system employed borrowers so that credit problems occur infrequently. In «FORA-bank», they represent less than 1% of the bank «Agropromkredit» - did not exceed 0.1%. As explained in the City Mortgage Bank, with the assessment of client and the liquidity of the collateral a clear assessment of the solvency of the customer and the mortgage. Are also important as a customer service organization in the process of granting credit, and its services. All this - pledge to minimize the risk of problem loans.
In Moscow and Moscow region account for approximately 60% of sales of mortgage loans in Russia. As such, the specifics of the sale of mortgage products in the regions do not. It is necessary to take into account the specifics of the client segment, it requires more careful aderrayting borrower, more careful work with borrowers (they need to get to the payment discipline). The proportion of problem loans in the portfolio «Investsberbank» (a strategy which provides mortgage lending in the regions) is also not high. «Overall, the program of mortgage lending in the region is the revenue», - considers the head of department of development of mortgage lending «Investsberbank» Konstantin Gorbachov.
For most borrowers, a major obstacle - to gain an initial contribution. According to the head of lending to individuals Gregory Ivaschenko «TransCreditBank», there are banks that already issue loans with an initial contribution of 5% of the value of the apartment. «TransCreditBank» still adheres to a conservative position - an initial fee of 15-30% of the market value of the apartment. Deputy Chief of the credit department of the same «FORA-Bank» Pavel Ilyin believes that in the foreseeable future, the initial contribution is unlikely to go down to 3-5% of the value of the apartment, as well as prices in the near future may fall, which could happen, when the loan amount would exceed the current value of the apartment. The minimum possible contribution for the next 3 years, in his opinion, at least 10%.
The world is not the practice of granting mortgage loans for the full value of the apartment. First, if the borrower is making 20-30% of the value of the apartment at once, the risk that it will cease payments significantly reduced. Responsibility for the investment «their blood» will not allow to relax and to abandon the payments on the loan because the borrower will have to bear the costs of the bank to recover the loan just from its own resources. Secondly, the initial payment is for a bank guarantee, insure against the risk of falling property values if the borrower does not pay on the loan and the bank will be able to sell it.
Specialists Bank «Zenit» predict that, most likely in the foreseeable future will not reduce the Mass to the initial fee of 3-5% of the value of the apartment. This will be a single bank to offer mortgage loans with reduced initial contributions targeted at certain categories of borrowers. Down payment, reduced to 3-5%, significantly increases the risk of mortgage default. The bank, in order to increase the quality of the mortgage portfolio to hold the size of the initial fee at least 15-20%.
